1. Commonly used substrates for PCBs Commonly used copper clad laminates include the following parts: A, glass fiber cloth B, epoxy resin C, copper foil D, filler 2. Commonly used PCB chemicals (two acids, two bases and one copper) 1. Sulfuric acid (content 98%) 2. Nitric acid (content 68%) 3. Hydrochloric acid (conten...

Many engineers or customers have never seen the PCB production process. Today, JRPanel will briefly describe the PCB production process for everyone, so that everyone can have a general impression of the PCB production process. 1. Cutting Cutting the raw material of the copper clad laminate into the size we need is cal...

Engineers who are just getting started or just entering the electronic design position, may don't know how to construct a good PCB, or even what the layers are, how to define and distinguish when they get a board. Next, we will take you to uncover the veil of PCB and explain each layer in detail. Layer Description ...

The Industry 4.0 research project was jointly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology. It was formed under the advice and promotion of the German Academy of Engineering, the Fraunhofer Society, Siemens and other German academic and industrial ...

Circuit design software is widely used, and modern circuit design cannot do without circuit design software. Among many circuit design software, protel is a commonly used one. In order to enhance everyone's understanding of circuit design software and protel, this article will introduce how to convert Protel 99se d...

PCB corrosion is caused by many different factors, such as Atmospheric Corrosion, Localized Corrosion, Electric Corrosion, Electrolytic Corrosion, Electrolytic Dendrite Formation, Fretting Corrosion and Intergranular Corrosion. Corrosion can be extremely harmful to PCBs. Although there are many reasons that can cause P...

The heat generated by electronic equipment causes the internal temperature to rise rapidly. If the heat is not dissipated in time, the equipment will continue to heat up and the components will overheat and fail, resulting in a decrease in the reliability of electronic equipment. Therefore, PCB heat dissipation is a ve...

Membrane switches and PCBs are inextricably linked. This link is also reflected in the design process of the two. In order to design an efficient PCB and membrane switch, engineer must have a relatively handy design software. Let's take a look at the commonly used PCB/Membrane Switch design software. 1.Protel/DXP/A...

FR-4 is a glass epoxy laminate, most commonly used in PCBs (printed circuit boards). It is used in various flexible printed circuit boards and other semi-rigid variants. It shows excellent high strength and flame retardancy. The easy integration of applications and the allowable component mounting make it the material ...

We will encounter various safety spacing issues in ordinary PCB design, such as the spacing between vias and pads, the spacing between traces and traces, etc., which should be considered. . So today we will divide these spacing requirements into two categories, one is: electrical safety spacing; the other is: non-elect...

The manufacture of flexible PCBs involves several complicated steps, and extreme care must be taken. Some design or manufacturing defects can cause the entire circuit board to fail. During the PCB manufacturing process, please follow the precautions listed below: 1. Use the right type and quantity of materials to maint...

The choice of components and the size of the PCB are interdependent. Therefore, when choosing the right components for rigid flexible printed circuit boards (PCBs) or other types of PCBs, the footprint of the PCB must also be considered. The package is the basic layout of the PCB. It includes electrical and mechanical ...