A voltage generator is a device that converts potential and kinetic energy into electrical energy. This is most commonly achieved by moving a conductor through a magnetic field to build up voltage. The generator operates very similarly to a water pump in which the electric charge is moved into an external circuit much like water is pushed into a pipe. The potential and kinetic energy that begins the process can come from a variety of sources such as steam or wind.

A voltage generator is comprised of two different mechanical parts: a rotor and a stator. The rotor is the rotating part of the generator, while the stator is the stationary portion. The electrical components are connected to each of these pieces. The armature is the power-producing component and can be located on either the rotor or the stator. A magnetic field component must be placed on the opposite mechanical part.

Either permanent magnets or field coils can be used on the generator. While magnets create their own electric charge during the process, field coils need to be charged in order to produce power. This is accomplished using smaller generators to excite the coils. In the event of power outage, these field coils need to be stimulated again in a process known as a “black start.”

Voltage generators are a necessary portion of modern industry. Large power plants across the world use potential and kinetic energy converted into electricity. No matter the initial state the potential energy takes, it ultimately is converted using a high voltage generator. Wind, geothermal, nuclear, oil and coal are all converted to an electrical charge.